Sunday, March 8, 2009

Platycodon Grandiflorus


AKA: Balloon Flower, Chinese Bellflower

Planting: Rich moist well drained sandy soil in sun, Fully hardy perennial, 16”-36”.

Harvest: Roots lifted in spring or autumn, eaten raw in salads, added to soups.

Medicinal: A bitter pungent warming herb that dilates the bronchial vessels. It is expectorant and effective against a number of disease causing organisms. Internally used for coughs with phlegm, colds, bronchitis, pleurisy and throat infections.

Third Eye Vision:

Seeded: Spring 2009 in F1

Links:
Balloon Flower

Sources:
The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses (RHS)

Cynara Scolymus

AKA: Artichoke “Imperial Star”

Planting: Deep rich well drained soil in sun, may need winter protection in cold areas, fully hardy perennial, up to 6’.

Harvest: Leaves are cut just before flowering, roots are harvested in winter.

Culinary: Unopened flower heads are boiled and fleshy bases are eaten hot. Young leafstalks, known as artichoke chard, are blanched and eaten as a vegetable.

Medicinal: A bitter herb that detoxifies and regenerates liver tissues, stimulate the gall bladder, and reduces blood lipids, cholesterol, and blood sugar. Used internally for chronic liver and gall bladder diseases, poor digestion, jaundice, hepatitis, arteriosclerosis, and diabetes.

Third Eye Vision:

Seeded: Spring 2009 in E6

Links:
Artichoke wiki

Sources:
The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses (RHS)

Friday, March 6, 2009

Lamium Atropurpureum

AKA: Archangel

Planting: Moist well drained soil in sun or partial shade, fully hardy perennial, propagate by seed, 6”-24”.

Harvest: Pick flowers and young leaves as needed.

Medicinal: A slightly bitter, astringent decongestant herb that checks bleeding and reduces inflammation.

Culinary: Flowers are used for herb tea. Young leaves are cooked as a pot-herb and are mixed with sorrel (rumex acetosa) as an ingredient of the French eel dish “anguille au vert a la flamande”

Sources:
The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses (RHS)

Crataegus Monogyna

AKA: Apple Hawthorn

Planting: Moist soil, sun or partial shade, but better in sunny. Propagate by seed, can take 18 months to germinate. Fully hardy tree, 15’-25’.

Harvest: Harvest flowering sprigs with leave and dry for infusions, decoctions.

Medicinal: Fruits are collected when ripe and used raw or cooked or dried whole for use in tinctures. An aromatic, sweet and sour, warming herb that improves circulation and regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and coronary blood flow.

Links:
Wiki Apple Hawthorn

Sources:
The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses (RHS)

Pimpinella Anisum

AKA: Anise

Planting: Rich well drained soil in sun, half-hardy annual, 20”. It needs a hot summer to thrive and for seed to ripen.

Harvest: Plants and leaves are cut in summer and used fresh. Seeds are collected as they ripen and used for oil or dried and used whole, ground, or in distilled water and infusions.

Culinary: Fresh leaves added to salads, vegetables, soups.

Medicinal: A sweet, warming herb that improves digestions, benefits the liver and circulation, and has expectorant and estrogenic effects. Used internally for dry coughs, whooping, cough, asthma.

Links:
Wiki Pimpinella Anisum

Sources:
The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses (RHS)

Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

AKA: Amaranth (Warihio)

Planting: Rich well drained soil in sun, half hardy reseeding annual, 6’-8’.

Harvest: Whole plants are cut when coming into flower, and dried for infusions and extracts. Leaves are picked as required and eaten fresh. Seeds are harvested when ripe.

Culinary: Leaves are eaten as vegetable, seed harvested as a grain crop. High protein levels 15%.

Medicinal: An astringent, soothing, cooling herb that controls bleeding. Used internally for diarrhoea and excessive menstruation. Externally for ulcerated mouth and throat, vaginal discharge, wounds, and nosebleeds.

Third Eye Vision:

Seeded: Spring 2009

Links: Wiki


Sources:
The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses (RHS)

Amaranthus Gangeticus

AKA: Amaranth (Greek)

Planting: Rich well drained soil in sun, half hardy reseeding annual, 6’-8’.

Harvest: Whole plants are cut when coming into flower, and dried for infusions and extracts. Leaves are picked as required and eaten fresh. Seeds are harvested when ripe.

Culinary: Leaves are eaten as vegetable, seed harvested as a grain crop. High protein levels 15%.

Medicinal: An astringent, soothing, cooling herb that controls bleeding. Used internally for diarrhoea and excessive menstruation. Externally for ulcerated mouth and throat, vaginal discharge, wounds, and nosebleeds.

Third Eye Vision:

Seeded: Spring 2009

Links: Wiki

Sources;
The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses (RHS)

Wednesday, March 4, 2009

Angelica Archangelica

AKA: Angelica

Planting: Rich moist soil in sun or partial shade, fully hardy, self-sowing perennial, 3’-8’.

Harvest: All parts used.

Culinary: Foliage is eaten like celery in Greenland and Scandinavia. Young stalks are candied, or may be added to stewed rhubarb, jams, and marmalade. Flower buds, which are enclosed by sheaths, are eaten raw in salads or cooked. Essential oil from roots uses for flavouring of ice cream confectionaries, liquor. It gives the characteristic flavour to Benedictine.

Medicinal: Used internally for digestive problems.

Historical: Medieval belief that it would protect against evil and cure all ills. Connected with the Feast of the Annunciation and the Archangel Michael. Important in 15th century.

Third Eye Vision:

Links:
Wiki Angelica

Sources:
The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses (RHS)

Hedeoma Pulegioides

AKA: American Pennyroyal, Squaw Mint

Planting: Rich, sandy soil in sun or partial shade, hardy reseeding annual, 4”-15”.

Harvest: Whole plant used, cut when flowering and dried for use in infusions and liquid extracts.

Culinary: Use fresh or dried leaves for herb tea, or as a culinary flavoring. A popular digestive tea.

Medicinal: A pungently aromatic herb that stimulates the uterus, induces perspiration, improves digestion, and ie expectorant. Used internally for colds, whooping cough, indigestion, wind, nausea, painful menstruation, and childbirth.

Third Eye Vision:

Date: Seeded Spring 2009

Links:
Wiki American Pennyroyal

Sources:
The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses (RHS)

Tuesday, March 3, 2009

Alkana Tinctoria

AKA: Alkanet

Planting: Well drained soil in sun or partial shade, propagate by seed in spring, fully hardy perennial, 4”-12”. .

Harvest: Roots are lifted in autumn and dried for powders, or macerated fresh, used as a purple colorant for wood, foods, and cosmetics.

Medicinal: Used externally for varicose and indolent ulcers, bed sores, and itching rashes. Internal use not recommended.

Third Eye Vision:

Date: Seeded Spring 2009

Links:
Wiki Alkanet

Sources:
The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses (RHS)

Monday, March 2, 2009

Medicago Sativa

AKA: Alfalfa, Lucerne

Planting: Well drained soil in sun, seed sown, fully hardy perennial 12”-32”.

Harvest: Whole plant used, cut before flowering and dried for infusions.

Culinary: Young leaves used fresh, seeds are germinated for 3-6 days for eating raw and have a pea flavour. . Eat in moderation.

Medicinal: Leaves are a source of chlorophyll, carotene, and vitamin K. A sweet, astringent cooling herb that cleanses toxins from tissues, controls bleeding, lowers cholesterol and is a diuretic. It acts mainly on the urinary and circulatory systems. Rich in nutrients including protein, minerals, vitamins ABCDE and K Important as a fodder crop, it is a long lived, deep rooted plant that can be cut five times each season for hay or silage, excellent for honey production.

Third Eye Vision:

Seeded: 2008 in C8; 2009 in F3

Links:
Wiki Alfafa

Sources:
The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses (RHS)

Sunday, March 1, 2009

Smyrnium Olusatrum

AKA: Alexanders, Black Lovage, Horse Parsley

Planting: Moist rich sandy soil in sun, propagate by seed, fully hardy perennial, 2’-5’.

Harvest: All parts are used fresh, and seeds are collected when ripe and stored whole or ground.

Culinary: Leaves, young leafstalks, shoots, and roots are cooked as vegetables and added to soups and stews. Flower buds can be added to salads, and spicy seeds may be ground as a condiment.

Medicinal: A bitter diuretic herb with celery like flavor, that aids digestion. Once used for asthma, menstrual problems, and wounds.

Third Eye Vision: A prolific grower, a plant often eaten during the growing season.

Date: Seeded Spring 2009 in A5

Links:
Wiki Alexanders

Sources:
The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses (RHS)

Natural Beehive, Natural Backyard

This all leads up to (or follows from, depending on your eye's point of view). the "natural" beehive and "natural" backyard.

The natural beehive is not moved, its produce is not harvested, and it receives no medicine. It is designed and operated for the happiness and health of the bees, not for the harvest of bee products. When the bees are happy, the plants will be happy (and vice-versa).

The natural backyard grows on its own, it receives no chemicals, fertilizer, or water. It is designed and operated for the happiness and health of the family - for the quality of its produce, not for the quantity of its produce. Plants are harvested as needed, but enough plant is left behind to continue through to the next year. If the plant cannot overwinter, seed is collected and replanted the following season.

The symbiosis among the bee, plant, and person predates modern times by millennia, but modern man has forgotten the relationship and engaged in its own systematic destruction. Returning to the natural state will take many generations. In this first step, we have to make decisions to bridge the gap. For example, we eat too much food and cannot support ourselves completely from our backyard crop, so we must supplement with store produce. We have to design and build a beehive, which is an artificial construction from the bee's perspective. We have to deal with unnatural pests and challenges like rampant deer, poor air and soil quality, chemicals sprayed by neighbors, and acid rain.

Please, please, please, contribute your comments and suggestions to this blog. If at all possible, link to this blog ("Bee Vision") and I will link back, so we can spread the word. The purpose of this blog is to chronicle the challenges and experiences of this struggle to change our environment one backyard at a time, for the benefit of bee researchers, latent backyard gardens, and hopefully farmers.

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Problems in the Backyard

Inner strength required,...
Changing a backyard from the suburban stereotype to a mini-ecosystem is not a simple task. The biggest problems are the most mundane ones:

1) Convincing your spouse that digging up the lawn to plant herbs, fruits, and vegetables is a good idea.
2) Surviving the eyes of neighbors who do not understand why you are not mowing your lawn anymore.
3) Removing the old garden fence and having the vegetables decimated by deer, and trying to convince your family that that was a good idea.
4) Figuring out how to keep out the deer without lethal means.
5) Planting seeds where lawn used to be, and wondering why they won't grow (answer: lawns lead to poor soil quality).
6) Reassuring spouse, children, friends, and neighbors on a daily basis day that you haven't gone insane.
7) Planting seeds and seeing them either not grow, or worse, grow to a respectable size and then get destroyed by deer, mice, squirrels, or woodchucks.

...euphoric moments,...
I started to enact my vision in the Spring of 2008, and during the course of that first growing season accumulated this list of barriers. Counterbalancing that, I experienced an amazing string of euphoric moments:

1) Hours spent browsing through seed catalogs envisioning what the yard could look like.
2) Planting seeds and feeling the energy of that fully grown plant living in that spot I am planting in.
3) Seeing the plants rise from seed, flower, and bear fruit.

...but mostly, strategic choices.
We are lucky to have three acres to work with, and the land has maybe 20% tree cover, 50% lawn, and 30% buildings/driveway. This may turn out to be too little arable land for 300+ varieties, but I will let you know on that. Many people have smaller backyards and/or much more tree cover. If you have an acre or less to work with you may be thinking, "Well, I can't do this then." Or, you may have five acres or more, but it is all covered in trees, or water, or rocks. If trees, you may be reluctant to cut some down, if water you may not want to or be able to change the terrain, and if rocks, it may not seem possible to grow anything.

I am taking a somewhat radical course, but I am not cutting down trees or tearing down buildings. Everyone has to approach this with their own personal energy, for what feels good to you, and this will change over time. It is not important how radical is your approach; what is important is that you plant something, and preferably a diverse variety of plants, as diverse as you can. The quantity of produce from a plant is not the goal here. The goal is a diversity of plantings that are also self-sustaining; plants should either be perennial in your zone, or easily reseed themselves. Why? So that your garden is a joy, not a chore for you.

In areas where lots are smaller than three acres, and especially where lots are one-half acre or smaller, the community becomes more and more important. Because you cannot support 300 varieties in your yard means that you are relying on your neighbors to complete that ecosystem. If your community of say 20, half acre lots all are growing just 10-20 genus of plants, with a few beehives, the community will flourish in love, trade produce, and enjoy communal living. In this scenario, all of the neighbors rely on each other for the success of their own garden. When one garden fails, bees cannot draw the nutrients from those varieties and the hive is weakened, thus weakening the entire community.

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Agrimonia Eupatoria

AKA: Agrimony

Planting: Well-drained soil in sun, propagate by seed, fully hardy perennial 12”-24”.

Harvesting: Whole plant is used, plants are cut when flowering then dried for use in infusions, extracts, pills, and tinctures.

Culinary: Fresh or dried flowering plant makes a pleasant herb tea.

Historical: A great wound herb in the Anglo-Saxon (“garclive”) and French 15th C. (eau d’arquebusade) worlds, it helps cuts and wounds and bleeding. Name may come from the Greek arghemon an eye disease (albugo) which it was reputed to cure.

Medicinal: Used to promote clotting due to its high vitamin K content. A bitter, mildly astringent, tonic diuretic herb that controls bleeding, improves liver and gall bladder function, and is an anti-inflammatory. Used internally or externally.

Third Eye Vision: Soft to the blood, slow and smooth.

Date: Seeded Spring 2009 in A5

Links:
Wiki Agrimonia Eupatoria

Sources:
The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses (RHS)

Wednesday, February 25, 2009

Principles of a Diverse Backyard

Here are the basic principles of my suburban backyard garden:

a) At least 300 genus of plants, with a heavy orientation on medicinals.
b) No chemicals or fertilizers. Reliance on what the garden itself produces.
c) Grow from seed wherever possible.
d) Use the apiary for pollination, not production.
e) Try to avoid carbon emissions, electricity, and artificial watering.
f) Seek natural solutions to pests.
g) Engage affordable solutions (seeds and tools mostly) to create a model that can be followed by any homeowner.
h) Most importantly, I garden for joy and love.

In my neighborhood, all of my neighbors spray various things on their yards and this is common practice around town. Fairfield County, CT also has some of the worst air quality in the country, due to the prevailing wind from New York City and New Jersey, and the presence of two major highways. We also have a terrible problem with deer who, without natural enemies here, devastate most plants shorter than six feet.

I started my backyard garden in the Spring of 2007, and in this blog I am relaying my experiences in the hopes that other people can share in my successes and failures. As more and more people transform their backyards into diverse eco-systems, we can change the air, water, and food quality of entire towns, states, and countries.

I invite and encourage any bee research teams to follow what is happening here. I don't need money, but I could use some guidance in order to maximize the value of this project as an example for the research community.

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Natural Diversity Leads to Healthy Living

Are you essentially a natural creature, or, the product of a technological and mechanical system?

Most people read this statement and think, "Of course, I am a natural creature." Yet we live in boxes, drive machines that pollute the air we breathe, and consume foods that we know are harmful. Then, we teach our kids to do the same. We don sunglasses to hide our eyes from the sun, burn fuel to keep our indoor environment at a steady 70 degrees all year, and buy tons of furniture and appliances for our comfort.

It is very difficult to step outside of the paradigm we have created for our lives, and see how, in everything we do each day, we separate ourselves from the natural world. As a society, we have so separated from our natural selves that we value life-longevity instead of life-happiness. To pursue life-longevity as the main goal, we have created our capitalist society and the modern medical establishment; to pursue life-happiness as the main goal, the honey-bee created the hive.

A honey bee's vision and only concern is the health of the hive. Bees will eat each other, kill a queen, commit suicide by stinging invaders, and banish their own brothers and sisters for the good of the hive. The honey bee shows its full commitment to the principal of everlasting spirit; bees willingly sacrifice their temporary bee-bodies so that the hive will remain. The hive itself is ever-regenerating, spawning thousands of new bees each day.

Bees live fully in the natural world, traveling for miles around the hive to collect honey, pollen and other goodies for the hive. Bees depend on their local surroundings for the health of the hive, and plants -- especially vegetables and fruits -- rely on bees for pollination. Bees and plants have a symbiotic relationship, so when one-third of the bee population world-wide dies in a single year (2007), that makes an important statement about the health of the plants that feed us.

There is tons of bee research going on to find the source of the problem. But the intuitive answer is the simple one: monoculture. Our society farms foods for profit: Larger crops are easier to harvest and produce more money, chemicals increase production, and honey bees are used as a crop production tools. By focusing on large crops, we have systematically removed plant diversity from the ground.

This discussion leads me to a simple conclusion. It is my goal to prove the following statement, by growing a diverse mini-culture in my 3-acre backyard. If I can do it, so can every other household:

"Bees require a diverse group of plants, especially herbs and medicinal plants, in order to maintain a healthy hive. And like the honey bee, people require a diverse diet also."

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Monday, February 23, 2009

Hints from the Honey Bee

The annihilation of the honey bee population in the last couple of years has caught the eye of beekeeper, farmers, Monsanto and other companies that sell farm goods. But the vast majority of Americans are unaware or uninterested in the significance of this blight. As long as supermarkets still have food to sell, life doesn't change for most people. Where I live in southern Connecticut, most food is shipped in from Florida, California, Chile and other far off places; this leaves a huge carbon footprint for our community every day by breakfastime, whether or not we drive an energy-efficient car.

Living in this community nearly my entire life, I know how hard it is to doff the eye glasses of the suburban mindset and see with a more circumspect vision. However, since 2002 I have been searching for a spiritual/holistic natural healing solution to a 1987 eye injury, and this has led me to a new understanding, appreciation, and vision of the natural world:

Nature is simple; using the simplicity of nature as a guide for our daily lives, we will be more healthy and more happy.

Interpreting this statement -- and proving that it works -- is the subject of this blog. Without some kind of visible proof, I risk being relegated to the ranks of other dead philosophers that become relevant only to college sophomores looking to fill the credit criteria for their major.

Enter the honey bee, that paragon of self-sacrifice showing humans through bee-genocide that our un-natural way of living will surely kill us. For without the honey bee, our race would surely perish. Continue >>